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XRCE’s Participation at Patent Image Classification and Image-based Patent Retrieval Tasks of the CLEF-IP 2011
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| Gabriela Csurka, Jean-Michel Renders, Guillaume Jacquet |
| Conference on Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 19-22 September 2011. |
The aim of this document is to describe the methods we used in the Patent Image Classification and Image-based Patent Retrieval tasks of the Clef-IP 2011 track. The patent image classification task consisted in categorizing patent images into predefined categories such as abstract drawing, graph, flowchart, table, etc. Our main aim in participating in this sub-task was to test how our image categorizer performs on this type of categorization problem. Therefore, we used SIFT-like local orientation histograms as low level features and on the top of that we built a visual vocabularies specific to patent images using Gaussian mixture model (GMM). This allowed us to represent images with Fisher Vectors and to use linear classifiers to train one-versusall classifiers. As the results show, we obtain very good classification performance. Concerning the Image-based Patent Retrieval task, we kept the same image representation as for the Image Classification task and used dot product as similarity measure. Nevertheless, in the case of patents the aim was to rank patents based on patent similarities, which in the case of pure image-based retrieval implies to be able to compare a set of images versus another set of images. Therefore, we investigated different strategies such as averaging Fisher Vector representation of an image set or considering the maximum similarity between pairs of images. Finally, we also built runs where the predicted image classes were considered in the retrieval process. For the text-based patent retrieval, we decided simply to weight differently the different fields of the patent, giving more weight to some of them, before concatenating the different fields. Monolingually, we then used the standard cosine measure, after applying the tf-idf weighting scheme, to compute the similarity between the query and the documents of the collection. To handle the multi-lingual aspect, we either used late fusion of monolingual similarities (French / English / German) or translated non-English fields into English (and then computed simple monolingual similarities).
In addition to these standard textual similarities, we also computed similarities between patents based on the IPC-categories they share and similarities based on the patent citation graph; we used late fusion to merge these new similarities with the former ones.
Finally to combine the image-based and the text-based rankings, we normalized the ranking scores and used again weighted late fusion strategy. As our expectation for the visual expert was low, we used a much stronger weight for the textual expert, than for the visual one. We have shown that while indeed the visual expert performed poorly, combined with text experts the multi-modal system outperformed the corresponding text-only based retrieval system.
To make robots autonomous in real-world everyday spaces, they should be able to learn from their interactions within these spaces, how to best execute tasks specified by non-expert users in a safe and reliable way. To do so requires sequential decision-making skills that combine machine learning, adaptive planning and control in uncertain environments as well as solving hard combinatorial optimisation problems. Our research combines expertise in reinforcement learning, computer vision, robotic control, sim2real transfer, large multimodal foundation models and neural combinatorial optimisation to build AI-based architectures and algorithms to improve robot autonomy and robustness when completing everyday complex tasks in constantly changing environments.
VISION
The research we conduct on expressive visual representations is applicable to visual search, object detection, image classification and the automatic extraction of 3D human poses and shapes that can be used for human behavior understanding and prediction, human-robot interaction or even avatar animation. We also extract 3D information from images that can be used for intelligent robot navigation, augmented reality and the 3D reconstruction of objects, buildings or even entire cities.
Our work covers the spectrum from unsupervised to supervised approaches, and from very deep architectures to very compact ones. We’re excited about the promise of big data to bring big performance gains to our algorithms but also passionate about the challenge of working in data-scarce and low-power scenarios.
Furthermore, we believe that a modern computer vision system needs to be able to continuously adapt itself to its environment and to improve itself via lifelong learning. Our driving goal is to use our research to deliver embodied intelligence to our users in robotics, autonomous driving, via phone cameras and any other visual means to reach people wherever they may be.
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